Overlapping items were removed, as were items that detracted from the internal consistency of a seed scale. A given seed scale was assigned those items that had the highest loadings on the scale’s core factor and that did not have salient loadings on the demoralisation factor. The third step involved identifying items with high loadings on the factor representing the core of each to serve as a ‘seed’ scale for each RC scale. Factors were extracted and rotated in a manner that yielded a clear demoralization factor, which included all of the provisional Demoralisation scale items as well as items in the clinical scales that are primarily demoralisation markers, and a second factor that could be considered the substantive core for a clinical scale. The next step was designed to identify the core component of each original scale with the general demoralisation factor removed. Removal of this general factor from the clinical scales would result in a set of restructured scales that would be less intercorrelated and have greater discriminant validity.ĭemoralisation is equivalent to the pleasant-unpleasant dimension of self-reported affect. The first step in constructing the RC scales was to develop a general scale labelled Demoralisation.
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